In this study, the fabrication of alumina-based composites (in situ) in the Al-ZrO2(ZrSiO4)-B2O3(TiO2)-C system was carried out by self-combustion synthesis method. In this research, first, different mixtures of raw materials based on the type of system were homogenized and then differential thermal analysis studies were conducted on them. Based on the obtained results, the samples were subjected to spark plasma sintering at pressure of 45 MPa, heating rate of 150 °C/min, and a sintering time of about 5 minutes at the temperature of 1400 °C. The sintered samples were characterized by microstructural observations, determination of phase composition and measurements of physical (density, porosity) and mechanical (hardness, strength, and toughness) properties. According to the results of thermal analysis, for all studied systems, alumino-thermic reactions intensify after melting of aluminum and their corresponding peaks have been appeared and at a temperature of 700 °C for the Al-ZrO2-B2O3-C system and a temperature of about 1000 °C for the Al-ZrSiO4-B2O3-C system, the combustion intensity reaches its maximum. Different compounds of zirconium aluminide, diboride and disilicide, boron, zirconium and silicon carbide and aluminum titanate are formed in the alumina matrix depending on the type of system. For sintered samples by spark plasma sintering in the Al-ZrSiO4-B2O3-C system with the highest relative density (92%) and having a more homogeneous microstructure than the other two systems, the highest mechanical properties (Vickers hardness of 1159, flexural strength of 271.5 MPa and toughness of 8.76 MPa.m1/2) were obtained