مواد و فناوری‌های پیشرفته

مواد و فناوری‌های پیشرفته

انتقال گازهای خون از طریق غشاهای همودیالیز: مزایای فعلی، چالش‌ها و چشم‌اندازهای آینده

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، پژوهشکده برق و فناوری اطلاعات، سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، پژوهشکده مهندسی مکانیک، سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
فرایندهای جداسازی غشایی از مهم‌ترین روش‌های جداسازی به کمک انتقال جرم در یک فاز است. غشاها به‌عنوان یک لایة نازک می‌توانند اجزای یک سیال را به‌طور انتخابی از آن جدا و انتقال جرم بین فازها را کنترل کنند. فرایندهای مختلف غشایی براساس نیروی محرکة فرایند و اندازة اجزا تعریف می‌شوند که یکی از مهم‌ترین آنها، فرایند غشایی دیالیز با کاربرد اصلی همودیالیز است. در دیالیز، فرایند تصفیه خون براساس تفاوت ابعاد مواد و با محرک اختلاف فشار و غلظت، بین محیط خون و محلول دیالیز انجام می‌شود. غشاها ازلحاظ جنس به دو گروه غشاهای سلولزی و غشاهای پلیمرهای مصنوعی تقسیم می‌شوند. پیشرفت‌ها در شیمی پلیمر منجر به توسعة غشاهایی با ویژگی‌های خاص شده است که بازنگری در طبقه‌بندی انواع این غشاها و مزایای آن را الزامی می‌کند. توسعة غشاها با شار بالا و کارآمدتر، مانند همودیافیلتراسیون منجر به بهبود میزان حذف سموم اورمیک شده است. همچنین غشاهای جدیدی با افزایش اندازة منافذ برای درمان‌های خاص ساخته‌شده‌اند، که امکان حذف مولکول‌ها با وزن مولکولی بالاتر، مانند واسطه‌های التهابی و زنجیره‌های سبک ایمونوگلوبین‌های حاصل از میلوم‌های متعدد را فراهم می‌کنند. در این غشاها پارامترهایی ازجمله شاخص‌های نفوذپذیری جدید، ماهیت آبدوستی یا آب‌گریزی، ظرفیت جذب و پتانسیل الکتریکی توصیف شده‌اند. در این مقاله به‌منظور بررسی عمیق‌تر کارایی ساختارهای این غشاها در انتقال گازهای خونی، جنبه‌های مختلفی مانند دفع مواد زائد، عدم دفع اجزا مفید خون، سازگاری بیشتر با محیط خون در طول همودیالیز، عملیات جداسازی سریع‌تر برای کاهش زمان فرایند همودیالیز و کاهش عوارض جانبی، موردبررسی و دسته‌بندی قرارگرفته‌اند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Blood Gas Transport Through Hemodialysis Membranes: Current Advantages, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Firouzmand 1
Amin Jabbari 2
1 Associate Professor, Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Membrane separation processes are among the most important types of separation based on mass transfer within a single phase. In these processes, the membrane, a thin layer that selectively separates components of a liquid and controls mass transfer between phases, enables the separation of substances. Depending on the driving force of the process and the size of the components, various membrane processes are defined, among which the dialysis membrane process is one of the most significant and is primarily used in hemodialysis. Membranes are classified into two groups, cellulose membranes and membranes made from synthetic polymers. Advances in polymer chemistry have led to the development of membranes with specialized properties, necessitating an overview of their classification and benefits. The development of high-performance and more efficient membranes, such as those used in hemodiafiltration, has resulted in improved removal rates of uremic toxins. In addition, new membranes with larger pores have been developed for specific therapies, allowing the removal of higher molecular weight molecules, such as inflammatory mediators and immunoglobulin light chains, in conditions such as multiple myeloma. Parameters including new permeability indices, hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties, adsorption capacity, and electrical potential have been described for these membranes. Consequently, the structures of these membranes have been studied to enhance waste removal efficiency, prevent the removal of beneficial blood components, improve compatibility with the blood environment during hemodialysis, and enable faster separation processes to reduce the duration of hemodialysis and minimize side effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Dialysis Filter
Blood Gases
Medical Equipment
Pressure Exchange
Polyethersulfone
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دوره 14، شماره 4
زمستان 1404
صفحه 26-46

  • تاریخ دریافت 25 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 26 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 15 بهمن 1404