مروری بر شرایط استخراج و فراوری ملانین حاصل از جوهر ماهی مرکب (Sepia pharaonic) به‌منظور استفاده در مطالعات نانوزیست‌فناوری

سپهر, افراح; فرخی, مهدی; مهرجو, مرتضی; قهرمانی, محمد حسین; متقی طلب, فاطمه

doi:10.30501/jamt.2025.521993.1329

مروری بر شرایط استخراج و فراوری ملانین حاصل از جوهر ماهی مرکب (Sepia pharaonic) به‌منظور استفاده در مطالعات نانوزیست‌فناوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری پژوهشی

نویسندگان

افراح سپهر ¹

مهدی فرخی ²

مرتضی مهرجو ³

محمد حسین قهرمانی ⁴

فاطمه متقی طلب ⁵

¹ دانشجوی دکتری، گروه نانوفناوری دارویی، دانشکدۀ داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

² دانشیار، بانک سلولی، انستیتو پاستور ایران، تهران، ایران

³ محقق، دانشکده مهندسی پزشکی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران

⁴ استاد، گروه سم‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

⁵ دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات نانوفناوری، دانشکدۀ داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

10.30501/jamt.2025.521993.1329

چکیده

جوهر ماهی مرکب، ضایعات مایع حاصل از صنعت فراوری محصولات شیلاتی و حاوی مقادیر زیادی از ترکیبات آلی ازجمله آنزیم‌ها، پلی‌ساکاریدها، کاتکول‌آمین‌ها (هورمون‌ها) و رنگ‌دانه‌هایی مثل ملانین به‌عنوان نوعی پلیمر زیستی است. در این پژوهش، ابتدا به مرور خلاصه‌ای از مشخصه‌های رنگ‌دانۀ ملانین طبیعی حاصل از جوهر ماهی مرکب و انواع آن پرداخته شده و سپس به روش‌های نوین مورداستفاده در استخراج ملانین طبیعی با استفاده از پیش‌تیمارهای مختلف، اشاره شده است. نهایتاً در مورد کاربرد ملانین طبیعی در حوزه نانوزیست‌فناوری، بحث شده است. لازم به ذکر است که از ملانین علاوه‌بر حوزه نانوزیست‌فناوری، می‌توان در صنایع غذایی، کشاورزی، صنایع نظامی، محیط‌زیست، تصفیه آب و صنایع الکترونیک نیز بهره گرفت. با‌توجه‌‌به بررسی‌های انجام‌شده، مشخص شده است که روش‌های شیمیایی برای استخراج ملانین کارآمد نبوده و با محدودیت‌هایی مواجه است. به‌نظر می‌رسد که استفاده از روش‌های جایگزین مانند روش‌های آنزیمی ‌بتواند راندمان استخراج را بالا برده و از‌طرفی، بتواند زیست‌پلیمری با درصد خلوص بالاتر تولید کند. همچنین، خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی ملانین جوهر ماهی مرکب مانند انحلال‌پذیری، مشخصه‌های ریخت‌شناسی و پایداری آن، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. این مطالعه، چشم‌انداز نسبتاً جامعی را جهت ارزیابی مصارف بالقوّۀ منابع فعال با منشأ دریایی در تولید ملانین مورد‌استفاده در حوزه‌های نانوزیست‌فناوری ارائه می‌دهد. امید است این مقاله بتواند اطلاعات مفیدی را در راستای توسعۀ روش‌های جدید استخراج و کاربرد ملانین طبیعی در مصارف مختلف، فراهم کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ملانین طبیعی

جوهر ماهی مرکب

نانوذرات ملانین

موضوعات

بیوپلیمرها (کیتوسان، ...)

عنوان مقاله English

Overview of techniques for extraction and preparation of melanin obtained from squid ink (Sepia pharaonis) for nanobiotechnology applications

نویسندگان English

Afrah Sepehr ¹

Mehdi Farokhi ²

Morteza Mehrjoo ³

Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani ⁴

Fatemeh Mottaghitalab ⁵

¹ Phd student, Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

² Associate professor, National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.

³ Researcher, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Professor, Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

⁵ Associate professor, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده English

Squid ink essence contains large amounts of organic compounds and pigments such as melanin. In this research, a brief overview of the characteristics of natural melanin pigment derived from squid ink and its types is first presented, followed by a discussion of novel methods used for extracting natural melanin using various pre-treatments. Finally, the application of natural melanin in the field of nanobiotechnology is discussed. It should be noted that, melanin can also be utilized in food industry, agriculture, military industries, environmental sectors, water purification, and electronics. Based on the conducted reviews, it has been determined that chemical methods for melanin extraction are not efficient and face limitations. It seems that using alternative methods, such as enzymatic methods, could increase extraction efficiency and, on the other hand, produce a biopolymer with higher purity. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of squid ink melanin, such as solubility, morphological characteristics, and stability, have been investigated. This study provides a relatively comprehensive outlook for evaluating the potential uses of active marine-derived resources in producing melanin for applications in nanobiotechnology. It is hoped that this article can provide useful information for the development of new extraction methods and applications of natural melanin in various fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Natural Melanin

Squid Ink

Melanin Nanoparticles

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