مواد و فناوری‌های پیشرفته

مواد و فناوری‌های پیشرفته

بررسی هم‌افزایی پیش عملیات اسیدشویی و روش مکانوشیمیایی بر راندمان بازیابی لیتیوم از کاتد NCM811

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان
آروین عطاری نواب 1، 2
رضا ریاحی فر 2، 3
بابک رئیسی دهکردی 2، 4
علیرضا آقایی 5
مازیار صهبا یغمایی 2، 3
1 دانشجوی دکتری، پژوهشکده فناوری نانو و مواد پیشرفته، پژوهشگاه مواد و انرژی، کرج، ایران.
2 گروه تحقیق و توسعه، شرکت پارتیان باتری نوین، تهران، ایران.
3 دانشیار، پژوهشکده فناوری نانو و مواد پیشرفته، پژوهشگاه مواد و انرژی، کرج، ایران.
4 استاد، پژوهشکده فناوری نانو و مواد پیشرفته، پژوهشگاه مواد و انرژی، کرج، ایران.
5 استادیار، پژوهشکده سرامیک، پژوهشگاه مواد و انرژی، کرج، ایران.
10.30501/jamt.2025.547364.1339
چکیده
افزایش نیاز جهانی به لیتیوم، به‌ویژه در صنعت باتری‌های لیتیوم-یون، ضرورت توسعه روش‌های نوین و کارآمد را برای بازیابی این عنصر حیاتی پررنگ ساخته است. در این پژوهش، تأثیر پیش‌عملیات اسیدشویی کوتاه‌مدت بر بازده فرایند مکانوشیمیایی استخراج لیتیوم از کاتدهای مصرف‌شده NCM811 موردبررسی قرار گرفت. سه بستر اسیدی شامل HCl، H2SO4+ H2O2 و CH3COOH+ H2O2  به‌عنوان سیستم‌های پیش‌لیچینگ انتخاب شدند و اثر هم‌افزایی آن‌ها با فرایند آسیاب مکانیکی و حضور مواد کمک‌آسیاب NaCl و SiO2 ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که پیش‌شستشو با H2SO4+ H2O2  در مراحل اولیه به‌دلیل تشکیل لایه‌های اکسیدی پایدار منجر به راندمان پایین در زمان‌ها و نسبت گلوله به پودر 30:1 شد؛ اما درادامه با افزایش زمان آسیاب و نسبت گلوله به پودر به 40:1، بازده بازیافت لیتیوم تا حدود 94% بهبود یافت. استفاده از HCl با غلظت 2 مولار، بازده بهتری نسبت به پیش‌شستشو با استفاده ازHCl  با غلظت 1 مولار به‌همراه داشت؛ به‌طوری‌که پس از 9 ساعت آسیاب مکانوشیمیایی، بیش از 89% لیتیوم بازیابی شد. درمقابل، استفاده از اسید‌استیک به‌دلیل قدرت اسیدی و اکسیدکنندگی پایین، کمترین بازده را (حدود 72% پس از 9 ساعت) نشان داد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که ترکیب راهبردی پیش‌شستشوی کوتاه‌مدت و هم‌افزایی آن با فرایندهای مکانوشیمیایی، می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک رویکرد مؤثر و توسعه‌پذیر برای بازیافت پایدار لیتیوم از منابع ثانویه مورداستفاده قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
بازیابی لیتیوم
مکانوشیمیایی
پیش‌شستشوی اسیدی
کاتدهای NCM811
آسیاب مکانیکی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigation of the Synergetic effect of Acidic Pre-Treatment and Mechanochemical Method on Lithium Recovery Efficiency from NCM811 Cathodes

نویسندگان English

Arvin Attari Navab 1 2
Reza Riahifar 2 3
Babak Raissi Dehkordi 2 4
Alireza Aghaei 5
Maziar Sahba Yaghmaee 2 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials & Energy Research Center, Alborz, Iran.
2 R&D Center, Parthian Battery Novin Co. Ltd, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Nano-technology and Advanced Materials, Materials & Energy Research Center, Alborz, Iran.
4 Professor, Department of Nano-technology and Advanced Materials, Materials & Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran.
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Nano-technology and Advanced Materials, Materials & Energy Research Center, Alborz, Iran.
چکیده English

The rising global demand for lithium, particularly for lithium-ion batteries, necessitates efficient recovery methods from secondary sources. This study investigated the effect of short-term acid leaching pretreatment on mechanochemical lithium extraction from spent NCM811 cathodes. Three acid systems—HCl, H2SO4 with 4% vol. H2O2, and CH3COOH with 4% vol. H2O2—were tested, along with co-grinding milling powders (NaCl and SiO2). Pretreatment with H2SO4 and 4% vol. H2O2 initially reduced extraction efficiency due to the formation of a stable oxide layer; however, with extended milling and a higher ball-to-powder ratio (40:1), lithium recovery reached approximately 94%. HCl exhibited concentration-dependent effects, with 2 M HCl yielding over 89% recovery after 9 hours, while 1 M HCl resulted in lower performance. Acetic acid produced the lowest recovery (~72%) due to its weak acidity and limited oxidation strength. These findings demonstrate that combining short-term acid pretreatment with mechanochemical processing substantially enhances lithium recovery efficiency, offering a promising and scalable strategy for sustainable recycling of lithium from spent batteries.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Lithium Recovery
Mechanochemistry
Acid Pre-Leaching
NCM811 Cathodes
Mechanical Milling
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4.       Chen, X., Fan, B., Xu, L., Zhou, T., & Kong, J. (2016). An atom-economic process for the recovery of high value-added metals from spent lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 3562-3570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.132
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1.       Aregai, G. T., Babu, K. V., Babu, B. V., Rao, P. S. V. S., & Veeraiah, V. (2019). Structural, electrical and electrochemical studies of copper substituted layered LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 27, 43-52.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2018.12.004
2.       Attari Navab, A., Riahifar, R., Dehkordi, B. R., Aghaei, A., & Yaghmaee, M. S. (2025). Synergistic lithium liberation: coupling thermal shock with mechanochemical activation for ultra-efficient cathode recycling. Materials Letters, 402, 139353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139353
3.       Bruno, M., & Fiore, S. (2023). Material Flow Analysis of Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling in Europe: Environmental and Economic Implications. Batteries, 9(4), 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9040231
4.       Chen, X., Fan, B., Xu, L., Zhou, T., & Kong, J. (2016). An atom-economic process for the recovery of high value-added metals from spent lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 3562-3570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.132
5.       Ding, Z., Li, J., Huang, Y., Lin, H., Wei, P., Li, J., Zhuge, X., Yang, Z., Qu, K., & Ren, Y. (2025). Closing the Loop on Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: A Green Electrometallurgical Recycling Approach. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 13(4), 1570-1581. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c07920
6.       Dobrynina, T. A., Akhapkina, N. A., & Chuvaev, V. F. (1969). Synthesis and properties of lithium peroxide monoperoxyhydrate Li2O2· H2O2. Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Division of chemical science, 18(3), 438-440. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00906954
7.       Dolotko, O., Gehrke, N., Malliaridou, T., Sieweck, R., Herrmann, L., Hunzinger, B., ... & Ehrenberg, H. (2023). Universal and efficient extraction of lithium for lithium-ion battery recycling using mechanochemistry. Communications Chemistry, 6(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-023-00844-2
8.       Eum, D., Jang, H. Y., Kim, B., Chung, J., Kim, D., Cho, S. P., Song, S. H., Kang, S., Yu, S., Park, S. O., Song, J. H., Kim, H., Tamwattana, O., Kim, D. H., Lim, J., & Kang, K. (2023). Effects of cation superstructure ordering on oxygen redox stability in O2-type lithium-rich layered oxides. Energy & Environmental Science, 16(2), 673-686. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee03527h
9.       Gao, W., Song, J., Cao, H., Lin, X., Zhang, X., Zheng, X., Zhang, Y., & Sun, Z. (2018). Selective recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries–Process development and kinetics evaluation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 178, 833-845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.040
10.     Gilligan, R., O’Malley, G. P., & Nikoloski, A. N. (2025). The Leaching of Valuable Metals (Li, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu) from Black Mass from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries. Metals, 15. (10), 1155. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15101155
11.     Goni, L. K. M. O., Bano, A., & Jafar Mazumder, M. A. (2025). Corrosion of metals by acetic acid: Mechanistic insights, industrial implications, and remediation approaches. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 437, 128326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128326
12.     Gu, H., Li, W., Li, Z., Guo, T., Wen, H., & Wang, N. (2020). Leaching Behavior of Lithium from Bauxite Residue Using Acetic Acid. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 37(2), 443-451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-020-00181-1
13.     He, L. P., Sun, S. Y., Mu, Y. Y., Song, X.-F., & Yu, J. G. (2017). Recovery of Lithium, Nickel, Cobalt, and Manganese from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Using L-Tartaric Acid as a Leachant. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(1), 714-721. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02056
14.     Kasri, M. A., Halizan, M. Z. M., Harun, I., Bahrudin, F. I., Daud, N., Aizamddin, M. F., ... & Mahat, M. M. (2024). Addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method: a review. RSC Advances, 14(22), 15515-15541. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA00972J
15.     Kaunda, R. B. (2020). Potential environmental impacts of lithium mining. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law, 38(3), 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646811.2020.1754596
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مواد و فناوری‌های پیشرفته
دوره 14، شماره 3
پاییز 1404
صفحه 27-47

  • تاریخ دریافت 29 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 30 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 06 دی 1404