بررسی و مقایسۀ تأثیر دمای پیرولیز بر ریزساختار و ویژگی‌های بیوچار حاصل از پس‌ماند برگ درخت چنار

تکلو, مهدی; شاکری زاده, سپهر; مباشرپور, ایمان; صلاحی, اسماعیل; رضوی, منصور; سبزه میدانی, محمد مهدی

doi:10.30501/jamt.2025.541645.1335

بررسی و مقایسۀ تأثیر دمای پیرولیز بر ریزساختار و ویژگی‌های بیوچار حاصل از پس‌ماند برگ درخت چنار

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مهدی تکلو ¹

سپهر شاکری زاده ¹

ایمان مباشرپور ²

اسماعیل صلاحی ³

منصور رضوی ³

محمد مهدی سبزه میدانی ⁴

¹ دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، پژوهشکده‌ی سرامیک، پژوهشگاه مواد و انرژی، کرج، ایران

² دانشیار، پژوهشکده‌ی سرامیک، پژوهشگاه مواد و انرژی، کرج، ایران

³ استاد، پژوهشکده‌ی سرامیک، پژوهشگاه مواد و انرژی، کرج، البرز، ایران

⁴ استادیار، گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه علم و فناوری مازندران، بهشهر، مازندران، ایران

10.30501/jamt.2025.541645.1335

چکیده

بیوچار ماده‌ای غنی از کربن است که از تجزیه زیست‌توده در فناوری‌های متنوعی از فرایندهای حرارتی-شیمیایی در غیاب یا محدودیت اکسیژن حاصل می‌شود. ویژگی‌ها و ساختار آن به‌طور مستقیم تحت‌تأثیر نوع زیست‌توده و شرایط دمایی فرایند قرار دارد. باتوجه‌به نقش گسترده بیوچار در زمینه‌های محیط‌زیستی و کشاورزی، بررسی دقیق ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و ساختاری بیوچارهای تولیدشده حاصل از زیست‌تودههای مختلف در شرایط دمایی متفاوت ضروری است. این پژوهش به تولید بیوچار از پس‌ماند برگهای چنار (.Platanus orientalis L) در سه دمای ۵۰۰، ۵۵۰ و ۶۰۰ درجه سلسیوس ازطریق فرایند پیرولیز پرداخته و ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و ریزساختاری حاصل را مورد تحلیل و مقایسه قرار داده است. براساس نتایج این پژوهش، بیوچار تولیدشده در دمای ۵۵۰ درجه سلسیوس بیشترین درصد تخلخل (۷۴٫۳%) و بالاترین میزان هدایت الکتریکی سوسپانسیون آبی (4/340 میکروزیمنس بر سانتی‌متر) را نسبت به بیوچار تولیدشده در دماهای 500 و 600 درجه سلسیوس نشان داد. درنتیجه، بیوچار تولیدشده در دمای 550 درجه سلسیوس با داشتن ویژگی‌های فیزیکی بهتر و عملکرد و ساختار سطحی مطلوب، نسبت به بیوچارهای تولیدشده در سایر دماها از مزیت‌های بیشتری برای کاربردهای محیط‌زیستی و کشاورزی برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بیوچار

پیرولیز

دما

برگ چنار

موضوعات

سنتز

عنوان مقاله English

Investigation and Comparison of the Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Microstructure and Properties of Biochar Derived from Platanus orientalis L. Leaves

نویسندگان English

Mahdi Takalo ¹

Sepehr Shakerizadeh ¹

Iman Mobasherpour ²

Esmaeil Salahi ³

Mansour Razavi ³

Mohammad Mehdi Sabzehmeidani ⁴

¹ MSc Student, Department of Ceramic, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran.

² Associate Professor, Department of Ceramic, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran.

³ Professor, Department of Ceramic, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran.

⁴ Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran.

چکیده English

Biochar is a carbon-rich material obtained from the decomposition of biomass through various thermochemical processes in the absence or limitation of oxygen. Its characteristics and structure are directly influenced by the type of biomass and the thermal conditions of the process. Considering the wide-ranging role of biochar in environmental and agricultural fields, a thorough examination of the physical and structural properties of biochars produced from different biomass sources under varying temperature conditions is essential. This study focuses on the production of biochar from plane tree leaves (Platanus orientalis L.) through pyrolysis at three temperatures: 500°C, 550°C, and 600°C. The resulting biochars were analyzed and compared in terms of their physical and microstructural characteristics. According to the results, the biochar produced at 550°C exhibited the highest porosity (74.3%) and the greatest electrical conductivity in aqueous suspension (340.4 µS/cm) compared to those produced at 500°C and 600°C. These findings indicate that biochar produced at optimal temperature may demonstrate superior functional qualities. As a result, biochar produced at 550°C, with better physical properties and desirable surface performance and structure, has more advantages for environmental and agricultural applications than biochar produced at other temperatures.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Biochar

Pyrolysis

Temperature

Platanus orientalis L. leaves

1. Adeniyi, A. G., Iwuozor, K. O., Adeleke, J., Emenike, E. C., Micheal, K. T., & Ighalo, J. O. (2023). Production and characterization of neem leaves biochar: Effect of two different retort carbonization systems. Bioresource Technology Reports, 24, 101597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2023.101597

2. Adeniyi, A. G., Iwuozor, K. O., Emenike, E. C., Adeyanju, C. A., & Ogunniyi, S. (2024). Mechanical and microstructural properties of bio-composite produced from recycled polystyrene/chicken feather biochar. Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment, 11(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.30501/jree.2023.384691.1553

3. Adeniyi, A. G., Iwuozor, K. O., Emenike, E. C., Amoloye, M. A., Adeleke, J. A., Omonayin, E. O., Bamigbola, J. O., Ojo, H. T., & Ezzat, A. O. (2024). Leaf-based biochar: A review of thermochemical conversion techniques and properties. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 177, 106352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106352

4. ASTM, D. (2019). 2854-09. Standard test method for apparent density of activated carbon. ASTM Stand, 96, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2854-09R19

5. Azni, M. A., Md Khalid, R., Hasran, U. A., & Kamarudin, S. K. (2023). Review of the effects of fossil fuels and the need for a hydrogen fuel cell policy in Malaysia. Sustainability, 15(5), 4033. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054033

6. Balmuk, G., Videgain, M., Manyà, J. J., Duman, G., & Yanik, J. (2023). Effects of pyrolysis temperature and pressure on agronomic properties of biochar. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 169, 105858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2023.105858

7. Brewer, C. E., Chuang, V. J., Masiello, C. A., Gonnermann, H., Gao, X., Dugan, B., Driver, L. E., Panzacchi, P., Zygourakis, K., & Davies, C. A. (2014). New approaches to measuring biochar density and porosity. Biomass and Bioenergy, 66, 176-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.059

8. Cantrell, K. B., Hunt, P. G., Uchimiya, M., Novak, J. M., & Ro, K. S. (2012). Impact of pyrolysis temperature and manure source on physicochemical characteristics of biochar. Bioresource technology, 107, 419-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.084

9. del Carmen Recio-Ruiz, M., Ruiz-Rosas, R., García-Mateos, F. J., Valero-Romero, M. J., Rosas, J. M., Rodríguez-Mirasol, J., & Cordero, T. (2025). An integrated approach to the valorization of pyrolysis products from lignocellulosic residues and by-products. Biomass and Bioenergy, 196, 107676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107676

10. Emenike, E. C., Iwuozor, K. O., Ighalo, J. O., Bamigbola, J. O., Omonayin, E. O., Ojo, H. T., Adeleke, J., & Adeniyi, A. G. (2024). Advancing the circular economy through the thermochemical conversion of waste to biochar: a review on sawdust waste-derived fuel. Biofuels, 15(4), 433-447. https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2023.2255007

11. Fakhar, A., Canatoy, R. C., Galgo, S. J. C., Rafique, M., & Sarfraz, R. (2025). Advancements in modified biochar production techniques and soil application: a critical review. Fuel, 400, 135745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135745

12. Han, F., An, S.-y., Liu, L., Ma, L.-q., Wang, Y., & Yang, L. (2023). Simultaneous enhancement of soil properties along with water-holding and restriction of Pb–Cd mobility in a soil-plant system by the addition of a phosphorus-modified biochar to the soil. Journal of Environmental Management, 345, 118827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118827

13. Huggins, T., Wang, H., Kearns, J., Jenkins, P., & Ren, Z. J. (2014). Biochar as a sustainable electrode material for electricity production in microbial fuel cells. Bioresource technology, 157, 114-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.058

14. Iwuozor, K. O. (2019). Prospects and challenges of using coagulation-flocculation method in the treatment of effluents. Advanced Journal of Chemistry-Section A, 2(2), 105-127. https://doi.org/10.29088/SAMI/AJCA.2019.2.105127

15. Kwarciany, R., Fiedur, M., & Saletnik, B. (2024). Opportunities and Threats for Supercapacitor Technology Based on Biochar—A Review. Energies, 17(18), 4617. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184617

16. Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (2012). Biochar for environmental management: science and technology. Routledge. https://books.google.com/books?id=w-CUty_JIfcC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

17. Leng, L., Xiong, Q., Yang, L., Li, H., Zhou, Y., Zhang, W., Jiang, S., Li, H., & Huang, H. (2021). An overview on engineering the surface area and porosity of biochar. Science of the total Environment, 763, 144204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144204

18. Li, B., Yang, L., Wang, C.-q., Zhang, Q.-p., Liu, Q.-c., Li, Y.-d., & Xiao, R. (2017). Adsorption of Cd (II) from aqueous solutions by rape straw biochar derived from different modification processes. Chemosphere, 175, 332-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.061

19. Li, X., Wu, Q., Chen, D., Tamjidur, R. S., Fan, P., Wang, G., & Zhang, W. (2025). Efficient chromium Cr (VI) removal from wastewater through modified cycad's leaf biochar: insights into adsorption-reduction mechanisms and kinetic analysis. Biomass and Bioenergy, 200, 107994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107994

20. Liu, S., Cen, B., Yu, Z., Qiu, R., Gao, T., & Long, X. (2025). The key role of biochar in amending acidic soil: reducing soil acidity and improving soil acid buffering capacity. Biochar, 7(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-025-00432-8

21. Liu, X., Huang, P., Ma, W., Jin, F., & Tai, L. (2025). Unveiling adsorption mechanisms and regeneration challenges of durian peel biochar for ciprofloxacin removal: Batch experiments and DFT study. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 75, 107991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107991

22. Pathak, H. K., Seth, C. S., Chauhan, P. K., Dubey, G., Singh, G., Jain, D., Upadhyay, S. K., Dwivedi, P., & Khoo, K. S. (2024). Recent advancement of nano-biochar for the remediation of heavy metals and emerging contaminants: mechanism, adsorption kinetic model, plant growth and development. Environmental Research, 255, 119136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.119136

23. Pourrajabian, A., Ghasemizadeh, M., Dehghan, M., & Rahgozar, S. (2024). Recycling Technologies and Waste Management of Wind Turbine Composite Blades. Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies, 13(3), 28-39. https://doi.org/10.30501/jamt.2024.473762.1305

24. Qiu, G., Zhao, Y., Wang, H., Tan, X., Chen, F., & Hu, X. (2019). Biochar synthesized via pyrolysis of Broussonetia papyrifera leaves: mechanisms and potential applications for phosphate removal. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(7), 6565-6575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-04095-w

25. Shakerizadeh, S., Mobasherpour, I., Salahi, E., Razavi, M., Sabzehmeidani, M. M., & Takalo, M. (2025). Platanus orientalis L. leaves residue-derived biochar: investigating the effects of synthesis temperature. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 15, 15305-15310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-06320-8

26. Shi, Z., Jin, Y., Han, T., Yang, H., Gond, R., Subasi, Y., Asfaw, H. D., Younesi, R., Jönsson, P. G., & Yang, W. (2024). Bio-based anode material production for lithium–ion batteries through catalytic graphitization of biochar: the deployment of hybrid catalysts. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 3966. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54509-8

27. Sizirici, B., Fseha, Y. H., Yildiz, I., Delclos, T., & Khaleel, A. (2021). The effect of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock on date palm waste derived biochar to remove single and multi-metals in aqueous solutions. Sustainable Environment Research, 31(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-021-00083-x

28. Tan, Y., Wan, X., Zhou, T., Wang, L., Yin, X., Ma, A., & Wang, N. (2022). Novel Zn-Fe engineered kiwi branch biochar for the removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 424, 127349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127349

29. Vuppaladadiyam, A. K., Vuppaladadiyam, S. S. V., Sikarwar, V. S., Ahmad, E., Pant, K. K., Pandey, A., Bhattacharya, S., Sarmah, A., & Leu, S.-Y. (2023). A critical review on biomass pyrolysis: Reaction mechanisms, process modeling and potential challenges. Journal of the Energy Institute, 108, 101236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2023.101236

30. Yadav, S. P. S., Bhandari, S., Bhatta, D., Poudel, A., Bhattarai, S., Yadav, P., Ghimire, N., Paudel, P., Paudel, P., Shrestha, J., & Oli, B. (2023). Biochar application: A sustainable approach to improve soil health. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 11, 100498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100498

31. Yang, Z., Liu, X., Zhang, M., Liu, L., Xu, X., Xian, J., & Cheng, Z. (2020). Effect of temperature and duration of pyrolysis on spent tea leaves biochar: physiochemical properties and Cd (II) adsorption capacity. Water Science and Technology, 81(12), 2533-2544. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.309

32. Zhang, H., Chen, C., Gray, E. M., & Boyd, S. E. (2017). Effect of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature on properties of biochar governing end use efficacy. Biomass and Bioenergy, 105, 136-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.06.024

33. Zhang, T., Liu, Y., Yang, L., Li, W., Wang, W., & Liu, P. (2020). Ti–Sn–Ce/bamboo biochar particle electrodes for enhanced electrocatalytic treatment of coking wastewater in a three-dimensional electrochemical reaction system. Journal of cleaner production, 258, 120273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120273

34. Zou, X., Debiagi, P., Amjed, M. A., Zhai, M., & Faravelli, T. (2024). Impact of high-temperature biomass pyrolysis on biochar formation and composition. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 179, 106463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106463