Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies

Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies

Pseudocapacitive Performance of Molybdenum Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Electrode Fabricated by a Two-Step Procedure of Electrochemical Deposition and Hydrothermal

Document Type : Original Reaearch Article

Authors
Mina Pirhayati 1
Mahdi Kazazi 2
Behzad Koozegar Kaleji 2
1 Master's degree, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Malayer University, Malayer, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Malayer University, Malayer, Hamedan, Iran.
10.30501/jamt.2025.493058.1312
Abstract
A binder-free hybrid electrode composed of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and molybdenum oxide (MoO3) was prepared using hydrothermal and electrodeposition processes. First, rGO nanosheets were deposited hydrothermally, followed by the electrochemical deposition of MoO3. The structural and morphological properties of MoO3 and rGO/MoO3 electrodes were examined using XRD and FESEM. The findings indicated that α-MoO3 particles were effectively deposited onto the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets, resulting in a porous structure ideal for energy storage applications. The pseudocapacitive characteristics of the electrodes were assessed through CV, GCD, and EIS techniques in potassium hydroxide aqueous electrolyte. The as-fabricated pure and hybrid electrodes exhibited specific capacitance values of 563 and 1021 F g⁻¹, respectively, when tested at a galvanostatic discharge rate of 1 A g⁻¹. Additionally, the rGO/MoO3 hybrid electrode demonstrated excellent cyclic stability, achieving a capacitance retention of 84.7% after 2000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹.
Keywords
Supercapacitor
Binder Free Electrode
Molybdenum Oxide
Hydrothermal
Electrochemical Deposition
Subjects
  1. Askari, M. B., Salarizadeh, P., & Ramezanzadeh, M. H. (2024). MoO3/WO3/rGO as electrode material for supercapacitor and catalyst for methanol and ethanol electrooxidation. Scientific Reports, 14, 9904. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59018-2
  2. Borhani, S., Moradi Alborzi, M., & Kiani, M. A. (2016). Deposition of Graphene Oxide Using Electrophoretic Method and Heat Treatment Temperature Effect on the Character of the Supercapacitor. Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies (JAMT), 5(3), 41-50. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.30501/jamt.2017.70339
  3. Faraji, M., & Mohammadzadeh Aydisheh, H. (2018). Rational synthesis of highly porous PANI-CNTs-PVC film for high performance flexible supercapacitor. ChemElectroChem, 5(19), 2882-2892. https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201800628
  4. Gao, Z., Bobacka, J., & Ivaska, A. (1993). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of cobalt (II)-hexacyanoferrate film modified electrodes. Electrochimica Acta, 38(2-3), 379-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(93)85154-Q
  5. Jiang, Y., Chen, L., Zhang, H., Zhang, Q., Chen, W., & Zhu, J. (2016). Two-dimensional Co3O4 thin sheets assembled by 3D interconnected nanoflake array framework structures with enhanced supercapacitor performance derived from coordination complexes. Chemical Engineering Journal, 292, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.02.009
  6. Kazazi, M. (2018). Effect of electrodeposition current density on the morphological and pseudocapacitance characteristics of porous nano-spherical MnO2 electrode. Ceramics International, 44(9), 10863-10870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.03.138
  7. Kazazi, M., & Ganji Ghelyji, A. (2024). Electrochemical Deposition of Nanostructured Nickel Molybdate on Nickel Foam as a Supercapacitor Electrode. Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies (JAMT), 13(2), 10-21. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.30501/jamt.2024.447202.1296
  8. Moyseowicz, A., & Gryglewicz, G. (2019). Hydrothermal-assisted synthesis of a porous polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide composite as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors. Composites Part B: Engineering, 159, 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.09.069
  9. Noerochim, L., Wang, J. Z., Wexler, D., Chao, Z., & Liu, H. K. (2013). Rapid synthesis of free-standing MoO3/Graphene films by the microwave hydrothermal method as cathode for bendable lithium batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 228, 198-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.113
  10. Oyedotun, K. O., & Mamba, B. B. (2024). New trends in supercapacitors applications. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 170, 113154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2024.113154
  11. Patil, A. M., Lokhande, V. C., Patil, U. M., Shinde, P. A., & Lokhande, C. D. (2017). High performance all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device based on 3D Nanospheres of b-MnO2 and Nanoflowers of O-SnS. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6(1), 787-802. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03136
  12. Rashid Khan, H., & Latif Ahmad, F., (2025). Supercapacitors: Overcoming current limitations and charting the course for next-generation energy storage. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 141, 46-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2024.07.014
  13. Shahrokhian, S., Rahimi, S., & Mohammadi, R. (2018). Nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide ultrathin nanosheets coated on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets/nickel foam for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43(4), 2256-2267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.12.019
  14. Sharma, S., & Chand, P. (2023). Supercapacitor and electrochemical techniques: A brief review. Results in Chemistry, 5, 100885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100885
  15. Shatabda, B., Diptiman, D., & Shyamal, K. S. (2015). Role of trap states on storage capacity in a graphene/MoO3 2D electrode material. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 48, 145303. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/14/145303
  16. Subramaniyan, S., Govindasamy, M., Sakkarapani, S., & KuO, C. Y. (2025). Exploration of CeO2 decorated on MoO3 as a potential electrode for high performance hybrid supercapacitors. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 1013, 178518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.178518
  17. Tarascon, J. M., & Armand, M. (2001). Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature, 414, 359–367. https://doi.org/10.1038/35104644
  18. Thakur, A. V., & Lokhande, B. J. (2017). Electrolytic anion affected charge storage mechanisms of Fe3O4 flexible thin film electrode in KCl and KOH: a comparative study by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 28, 11755-11761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6980-9
  19. Thakur, A. V., & Lokhande, B. J. (2018). C10H8N2-PPy hybrid flexible electrodes: SILAR synthesis and electrochemical study. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 29, 1630-1635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-8074-0
  20. Wang, L., Zhang, X., Ma, Y., Yang, M., & Qi, Y. (2016). Rapid microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of one-dimensional MoO3 nanobelts. Materials Letters, 164, 623–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.11.076
  21. Zhou, K., Zhou, W., Liu, X., Sang, Y., Ji, S., Li, W., Lu, J., Li, L., Niu, W., Liu, H., & Chen, S. (2015). Ultrathin MoO3 nanocrystalsself-assembled on graphene nanosheets via oxygen bonding as supercapacitor electrodes of high capacitance and long cycle life. Nano Energy, 12, 510–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.01.017
  22. Zhou, L., Yang, L., Yuan, P., Zou, J., Wu, Y., & Yu, C. (2010). α-MoO3 Nanobelts: A High-Performance Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114, 21868–21872. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp108778v
Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies
Volume 13, Issue 4
Winter 2025
Pages 27-39

  • Receive Date 21 December 2024
  • Revise Date 19 January 2025
  • Accept Date 01 March 2025