Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies

Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies

Investigation of Titanium Effects on the Behavior and Corrosion Mechanism of Hadfield Steel By Using Electrochemical Tests and Electron Microscopy Studies

Authors
Masoud Sabzi
Roghayeh Kalantaripour
Islamic Azad University, Dezful Branch, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Dezful, Iran.
10.30501/jamt.2018.70383
Abstract
In this study, effect of titanium on the behavior and corrosion mechanism of Hadfield steel by using electrochemical tests and electron microscopy studies was investigated. For this purpose, initially 3 casting samples were prepared from Hadfield steel in coreless induction furnace (without Ti addition, and with 0.5% and 1% Ti additions). Then austenitising heat treatment was applied to samples at 1100ºC for 2 hours. Evaluation of the microstructures was conducted by optical microscopy. Corrosion morphology of samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction was used for the analysis of phases formed in the microstructure. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods in the 3.5 wt. % NaCl were used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of samples. Corrosion test results showed that by increasing the amount of titanium in the chemical composition, Hadfield steel shows less corrosion resistance. This is due to: 1- Ti leads to increasing the amount of carbides in the microstructure and formation of galvanic micro-cells. 2- Ti by increasing the amount of carbides leads to fine-grained structure and increasing number of grain boundaries. Also, scanning electron microscopy images indicated that increasing amount of Ti in the Hadfield steel composition, led to occurrence of micro-galvanic localized corrosion.
Keywords
Hadfield steel
behavior and corrosion mechanism
potentiodynamic polarization
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Ti
  1. Barannikova, S. A., Li, Y., Malinovsky, A., Pestsov, D., “Study of Localized Plastic Deformation of Hadfield Steel Single Crystals Using Speckle Photography Technique”, Key Engineering Materials, 683(2016) 84-89. 
  2. Limooei, M. B. and Hosseini, SH., “Optimization of Heat Treatment in Manganese Steel by Taguchi Method”, Appl. Mech. Mater., 598 (2014) 43-46. 
  3. Lindroos, M. and et al., “The deformation, strain hardening, and wear behavior of chromium-alloyed Hadfield steel in abrasive and impact conditions”, Tribol. Lett., 57 (2015) 1-11.  
  4. Magdaluyo, E. R. and et al., “Gouging Abrasion Resistance of Austenitic Manganese Steel with Varying Titanium”, Proc. of the World Congress on Engineering 2015, London, English, 2015. 
  5. Limooei, M. B. and Hosseini, SH., “Optimization of properties and structure  with addition of titanium in hadfield steels”, Proc. Conf. of Metal 2012, Brono, Czech Republic, 2012. 
  6. Najafabadi, V. N., Amini, K. and Alamdarlo, M. B., “Investigating the effect of titanium addition on the wear resistance of Hadfield steel”, Metall. Res. Technol., 111 (2014) 375 - 382. 
  7. Moghaddam, E.G., Varahram, N. and Davami, P., “On the comparison of microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of high-vanadium austenitic manganese steels with the Hadfield steel”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 532 (2011) 260-266. 
  8. Ervina Efzan, M. N., Vigram Kovalan, K. and Suriati, G., “A review of welding parameter on corrosion behavior of Aluminum”, Int. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 1 (2012) 17-22.
  9. Afolabi, A.S., “Effect of Electric Arc Welding Parameters on Corrosion Behaviour of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Chloride Medium”, AU J.T., 11 (2008) 171-180.
  10. Kumar, S., Shahi, A. S., “Effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304 stainless steel joints”, Materials & Design, 32 (2011) 3617–3623.
  11. Dong, H., Hao, X., Deng, D., “Effect of Welding Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of HSLA Steel Joint”, Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, 3 (2014) 138–146.
  12.  سبزی، م،. معینیفر، ص. و نجفیبیرگانی، ا،. بررسی تأثیر حرارت ورودی بر رفتار خوردگی اتصالات جوش فولاد هادفیلد در فرآیند ،SMAWمجله علوم و فناوری جوشکاری .13 – 23 (1394) 1 ،ایران
  13. .13سبزی، م.، معینیفر، ص. و نجفیبیرگانی، ا.، بررسی تأثیر نرخ سرد شدن بر رفتار خوردگی منطقه ذوب اتصال جوشکاری فولاد هادفیلد، شانزدهمین کنگره ملی خوردگی، تهران، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت، ).1 -10 (1394
  14. .14سبزی، م. و کلانتریپور، ر،. بررسی تأثیر حرارت ورودی بر ریزساختار و خواص مکانیکی اتصالات جوش فولاد هادفیلد در فرآیند ،SMAWمجله علوم و فناوری جوشکاری ایران، (   78 – 88)
  15.  Toor, I.U.H., Effect of Mn Content and Solution Annealing Temperature on the Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Alloys, Journal of Chemistry, 2014 (2014) 1-8.
  16. سبزی، م. و معینیفر، ص،. بررسی تأثیر عناصر آلیاژی آلومینیوم و کروم بر رفتار الکتروشیمیایی فولاد آستنیتی منگنزدار هادفیلد، فصلنامه علوم و مهندسی خوردگی، .19-28 (1394) 5
  17.  Annual book of ASTM standards, ASTM 128 A / 128 M, Standard specification for steel castings, austenitic manganese, ASTM Int., 1 (2012) 1-4. 
  18.  Roberge, P.A., Handbook of Corrosion Engineering, 2th Edition, (2012) 632-764.
  19.  Lee, Y.K. and Choi, C.S., Driving Force for γ→ε Martensitic Transformation and Stacking Fault Energy of γ in Fe-Mn Binary System, Metallurgical and Material Transaction A, 31 (2000) 355-360. 
  20. Hong, J.H., Lee, S.H., Kim, J.G. and Yoon, J.B., Corrosion behaviour of copper containing low alloy steels in sulphuric acid, Corrosion Science, 54 (2012) 174-182.
  21.  Zhang, H., Wang, D., Xue, P., Wu, L.H., Ni, D.R. and Ma, Z.Y., Microstructural evolution and pitting corrosion behavior of friction stir welded joint of high nitrogen stainless steel, Materials & Design, 110 (2016) 802-810.
  22.  Hou, R.Q. and et al., Localized Corrosion of Binary MgCa Alloy in 0.9 wt% Sodium Chloride Solution, Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters), 29 (2016) 46-57.
  23. Lim, M.L. C., Kelly, R.G. and Scully, J.R., Overview of Intergranular Corrosion Mechanisms, Phenomenological Observations, and Modeling of AA5083, Corrosion, 72 (2016) 198-220. 
Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies
Volume 6, Issue 4
Spring 2017
Pages 63-71

  • Receive Date 13 October 2016
  • Revise Date 24 September 2017
  • Accept Date 03 February 2018