Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies

Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies

The Role of Various Ratios of Liquid Phase Constituents on the Setting Time and Strength of Polymethyl Methacrylate Bone Cement

Document Type : Original Reaearch Article

Authors
Nader Nezafati 1
Saeed Hesaraki 2
Shokoufeh Borhan 3
1 Associate professor, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran.
3 Assistant professor, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Technical University of Buein Zahra, Qazvin, Iran.
10.30501/jamt.2025.499806.1316
Abstract
In this study, the effect of the ratio of different components of the liquid phase on the properties of polymethyl methacrylate bone cement was investigated. Polymethyl methacrylate microspheres were synthesized through the emulsion method. Scanning electron microscope observations showed that microspheres with a size of 20 microns were obtained. The optimized bone cement, in terms of mechanical strength and setting time, was achieved by changing the molar ratio of methyl methacrylate (as monomer), benzoyl peroxide (as an initiator), and methyl toluene (as an activator). The presence of benzoyl peroxide, methyl toluidine, and hydroquinone (as the inhibitory agent) was confirmed by Fourier transform spectroscopy analysis. The setting time varied from 10 minutes to 24 hours, and the compressive strength and elastic modulus ranged from 7 to 60 MPa and 0.15 to 0.88 GPa, respectively. The results from thermometry analysis showed that the heat of reaction of the cements increased upon increasing the molar ratio of benzoyl peroxide to methyl toluene. The phase analysis of the optimized bone cement confirmed the presence of both amorphous and crystalline phases related to methyl methacrylate. Cell studies showed that the cement was non-toxic and exhibited adequate fibroblast cell adhesion. According to the results, the cement may be appropriate for the treatment of spinal damages, such as vetebroplasty and kyphoplasty.
Keywords
Polymethyl Methacrylate Bone
Cement
Liquid Phase
Mechanical Properties
Thermometry
Cytotoxicity

Subjects

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Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies
Volume 13, Issue 4
Winter 2025
Pages 1-14

  • Receive Date 21 January 2025
  • Revise Date 09 February 2025
  • Accept Date 03 March 2025