Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies

Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies

Investigation of Niobium Addition Effect on Oxidation Resistance of Ti-48Al/Ti2AlC Composite

Authors
Hadi Karimi
Ali Ghasemi
Morteza Hadi
Mohsen Sadeghi Mohammadi
Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Department of Materials Engineering Shahin Shahr, Isfahan, Iran
10.30501/jamt.2636.70288
Abstract
In this research, the Ti-48Al/Ti2AlC and Ti-48Al(8Nb)/Ti2AlC composites were synthesized by means of
mechanical alloying and hot pressing. Firstly, the mixture of elemental powders were subjected to mechanical alloying
for 75 h and then to produce bulk samples, the milled powders were hot pressed for 1 h at 1000℃. Oxidation tests were
carried out in air at 1000 ℃ to compare the oxidation behavior of samples. Synthesized and oxidized samples were
studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD).
According to X-ray diffraction patterns, the presence of γ-TiAl and Ti2AlC phases were detected for produced samples
and no phases on the base of Nb were formed. The results showed that the oxidation resistance of alloy was improved
by niobium addition. The growth of rutile was suppressed by substitution Nb for Ti in TiO2 lattice. Furthermore, scale
composition changed with addition of niobium that was related to the stabilization of nitride layer. 
Keywords
Ti-48Al/Ti2AlC composite
Mechanical alloying
Hot pressing
Oxidation
Niobium
  1. Yamaguchi, M., Inui, H., Ito, K., “High temperature structural intermetallics”, Acta Materiala, vol. 48, pp. 307-322, 2000.
  2. Tetsui, T., Shindo, K., Kaji, S., Kobayashi, S., Takeyama, M., “Fabrication of TiAl components by means of hot forging and machining”, Intermetallics, 13, pp. 971-978, 2005.
  3. Lee, D., “Effect of Cr, Nb, Mn, V, W and Si on high temperature oxidation of TiAl alloys”, Metals and Materials International, vol. 11, pp.141-147, 2005.
  4. Wu, Y., Hwang, S.K., Nam, S.W., Kim, N.J., “The effect of yttrium addition on the oxidation resistance of EPM TiAl-based intermetallics”, Scripta Materialia, vol. 48, pp. 1655-1660, 2003.
  5. Perez, P., Jimenez, J.A., Frommeyer, G., Adeva, P., “Oxidation behaviour of a Ti–46Al–1Mo–0.2Si alloy: the effect of Mo addition and alloy microstructure”, Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 284, pp. 138-147, 2000.
  6. Sun, F., Froes, F.H., “Effect of Mg on the microstructure and properties of TiAl alloys”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 345, pp. 255-261, 2003.
  7. Cao, G., Fu, L., Lin, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, C., “The relationships of microstructure and properties of a fully lamellar TiAl alloy”, Intermetallics, vol. 8, 647-653, 2000.
  8. Yun, J.H., Oh, M.H., Nam, S.W., Wee, D.M., Inui, H., Yamaguchi, M., “Microalloying effects in TiAl-Mo alloys”, Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 239-240, pp. 702-708, 1997.
  9. Niewolak, L., Shemet, V., Thomas, C., Lersch, P., Singheiser, L., Quadakkers, W.J., “Oxidation behaviour of Ag-containing TiAl-based intermetallics”, Intermetallics, vol. 12, pp. 1387-1396, 2004.
  10. Liu, Q., Nash, P., “The effect of Ruthenium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl alloys”, Intermetallics, vol. 19, pp. 1282-1290.
  11. Pilone, D., Felli, F., “Isothermal oxidation behaviour of TiAl-Cr-Nb-B alloys produced by induction melting”, Intermetallics, vol. 26, pp. 36-39, 2012.
  12. Huiren, J., Zhonglei, W., Wenshuai, M., Xiaoran, F., Ziqiang, D., Liang, Z., Yong, L., “Effects of Nb and Si on high temperature oxidation of TiAl”, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals society, 18, pp. 512-517, 2008.
  13. Chen, Y.Y., Yua, H.B., Zhang, D.L., Chaia, L.H., “Effect of spark plasma sintering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of an ultrafine grained TiAl Intermetallic Alloy”, Materials Science and Engineering, A525, pp. 166-173, 2009.
  14. Fu, E., Rawlings, R.D., McShane, H.B., “Reaction synthesis of titanium Aluminides”, Materials Science, vol. 36, pp. 5537-5542, 2001.
  15. Hitoshi, H., Sun, Z., “Fabrication of TiAl alloys by MA-PDS process and the mechanical properties”, Intermetallics, vol. 11, pp. 825-834, 2003.
  16. Seetharaman, V., Semiatin, L., “Intermetallic Compounds-Principles and Practice”, vol. 3, Chapter 30, Powder metallurgy, pp. 643-658, 2002.
  17. Maziarz, W., Michalski, A., Kurtyka, p., Dutkiewicz, J., “Structure and mechanical properties of ball milled TiAl-Cr intermetallics consolidated by hot pressing and pulse plasma sintering”, Advanced Materials and Science, vol. 8, pp. 158-163, 2004.
  18. Kambara, M., Uenishi, K., Kobayashi, K.F., “Nano-structured intermetallic compound TiAl obtained by crystallization of mechanically alloyed amorphous TiAl and its subsequent grain growth”, Materials and Science, vol. 35, pp. 2897-2905, 2000.
  19. Ramaseshan, R., Kakitsuji, A., Seshadri, S.K., Nair, N.G., Mabuchi, H., Tsuda, H., Matsui, T., Morii, K., “Microstructure and some properties of TiAl-Ti2AlC composites produced by reactive processing”, Intermetallics, vol. 7, pp. 571-577, 1999.
  20. Zhu, J., Yang, W., Yang, H., Wang, F., “Effect of Nb2O5 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl based composites produced by hot pressing” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 528, pp. 6642-6646, 2011.
  21. Alamolhoda, S., Heshmati-Manesh, S., Ataie, A., “Role of intensive milling in mechano-thermal processing of TiAl/Al2O3 nano-composite”, Advanced Powder Technology,23, pp. 343-348, 2012.
  22. Mei, B., Miyamoto, Y., “Investigation of TiAl/Ti2AlC composites prepared by spark plasma sintering”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 75, pp. 291-295, 2002.
  23. Hashimoto, S., Nishina, N., Hirao, K., Zhou, Y., Hyuga, H., Honda, S., Iwamoto, Y., “Formation mechanism of Ti2AlC under the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) mode”, Materials Research Bulletin, vol. 47, pp. 1164-1168, 2012.
  24. Shu, S., Qiu, F., Lü, S., Jin, S., Jiang, Q., “Phase transitions and compression properties of Ti2AlC/TiAl composites fabricated by combustion synthesis reaction”, Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 539, pp. 344-348, 2012.
  25. Farhang, M., Kamali, A., Nazarian-Samani, M., “Effects of mechanical alloying on the characteristics of a nanocrystalline Ti–50at. %Al during hot pressing consolidation” Materials Science and Engineering B, vol. 168, pp. 136-141, 2010.
  26. ASTM E 1131-03, “Standard test method for compositional analysis by thermogravity”, ASTM international, 2003.
  27. Vojtech, D., Popela, T., Kubásek, J., Maixner, J., Novak, P., “Comparison of Nb- and Ta-effectiveness for improvement of the cyclic oxidation resistance of TiAl-based intermetallics”, Intermetallics, vol. 19, pp.493-501, 2011.
  28. Schutze, M., Hald, M., “Improvement of the oxidation resistance of TiAl alloys by using the chlorine effect”, Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 239, pp. 847-858, 1997.
  29. Basu, S., Obando, N., Gowdy, A., Karaman, I., Radovic, M., “Long-Term Oxidation of Ti2AlC in Air and Water Vapor at 1000-1300◦C Temperature Range”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 159, pp. 90-96, 2012.

 

  • Receive Date 31 August 2014
  • Revise Date 15 March 2015
  • Accept Date 30 May 2015