Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies

Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies

Injectable Absorbable Synthetic Bone Grafts in Bone Surgery: From Material Chemistry to Clinical Applications

Document Type : Research Review Article

Authors
Afshin Taheri-Azam 1
Seyyed Taher Seyyed Mahmoudi 2
Parsa Taheri-Azam 3
1 Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2 Researcher, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
10.30501/jamt.2026.583447.1365
Abstract
Injectable resorbable synthetic bone grafts have emerged over the past two decades as a promising strategy for the reconstruction of bone defects, aiming to overcome the inherent limitations associated with autografts and allografts. By offering injectability, adaptability to complex defect geometries, and reduced surgical invasiveness, these systems provide a versatile approach for managing a wide range of skeletal injuries. However, a critical evaluation of the available evidence suggests that the success of these materials depends not only on their biocompatibility and biodegradability but also on achieving a delicate balance among rheological properties, initial mechanical strength, degradation kinetics, and the biological responses of the host tissue. Mismatches between material degradation and new bone formation, the release of inflammatory degradation by-products, and insufficient mechanical performance in load-bearing applications remain significant challenges that continue to limit the complete replacement of conventional grafting approaches in certain clinical settings. Meanwhile, recent advances in biomaterials engineering indicate that the next generation of injectable bone grafts will likely evolve into multifunctional systems capable of actively modulating the regenerative microenvironment in addition to serving as structural scaffolds. The development of smart grafts with controlled delivery of bioactive agents, integration with three-dimensional bioprinting technologies, and incorporation of cell-based therapeutic strategies represent promising avenues for enhancing their regenerative potential. Nevertheless, realizing this vision will require rigorous preclinical investigations, long-term clinical studies, and close interdisciplinary collaboration among materials scientists, biologists, and orthopedic surgeons to bridge the gap between laboratory innovations and safe, predictable clinical translation.
Keywords
Injectable Bone Grafts
Absorbable Bone Substitutes
Bone Tissue Engineering
Calcium Phosphate Cements
Injectable Biomaterials
Subjects
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Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies
Volume 15, Issue 1
Spring 2026
Pages 55-68

  • Receive Date 26 May 2026
  • Revise Date 04 June 2026
  • Accept Date 16 June 2026