Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies

Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies

Development and Evaluation of Zn²⁺ Co-Substituted β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bioceramics

Document Type : Original Reaearch Article

Authors
Hannane Taheri 1
Samaneh Nikpar 1
Rahim Naghizade 2
Hamidreza Rezaie 3
Maryam Salehi 4
1 MSc Student, School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor, School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
10.30501/jamt.2026.577674.1360
Abstract
β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a widely studied calcium phosphate phase due to its well-defined crystal structure and its ability to accommodate ionic substitution within the lattice. In this work, β-TCP powders were synthesized via a controlled precipitation route, followed by partial substitution of Ca²⁺ with Zn²⁺ to examine the influence of Zn incorporation on phase formation and structural evolution. The formation of the β-TCP phase and the absence of detectable secondary phases were verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal analysis. The results show that Zn²⁺ substitution induces measurable changes in the diffraction features consistent with lattice modification and is accompanied by increased crystallinity and improved microstructural uniformity. Overall, the findings demonstrate that controlled Zn²⁺ incorporation provides an effective approach for tuning the structural and physicochemical characteristics of β-TCP powders.
Keywords
&‌beta
-Tricalcium Phosphate (&‌beta
-TCP), Zn²
⁺ Substitution⸴ Ion co-Substitution⸴ Precipitation Method⸴ Bioceramics
Subjects
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  • Receive Date 23 February 2026
  • Revise Date 17 May 2026
  • Accept Date 14 June 2026